I find that, in order for the theme to read my header (while preserving the header from future updates), I have to do one of two things, seemingly contrary to instructions:
1. Simply put it in wp-content > ata-images, with relative image location set to wp-content > ata-images rather than to wp-content > ata-images > header; or
2. create a header folder (wp-content > ata-images > header), place the header in that header folder, and set my relative image location to wp-content > ata-images/header.
I've gone with option 1. After days of unsuccessful efforts to make my header visible, this works. Now to figure out why my favicon doesn't show ...